Pests of the Honey Bee

European honey bees play a crucial role in our ecosystem, acting as pollinators for a vast range of crops and plants. However, the survival of these delicate insects is under threat from various pests that have made their way to Australia from other parts of the world. In this article, we will explore the two most significant European honey bee pests in Australia, the Varroa mite and the small hive beetle, and how they impact the health and wellbeing of the hive.

The Varroa Mite

The Varroa mite is a tiny parasite that feeds on the blood of adult honey bees and their larvae. Originally from Asia, the Varroa mite was detected in June 2022 in Australia and has since spread rapidly, becoming a significant threat to the country's bee population. The mites attach themselves to the bees and feed on their hemolymph (the equivalent of our blood), weakening the bees and making them susceptible to disease. In severe infestations, the Varroa mite can kill entire hives.

To control Varroa mite populations, beekeepers can use a combination of treatments such as formic acid and oxalic acid. These treatments can be effective, but they also have their limitations, and beekeepers must use them carefully to avoid harming the bees.

The Small Hive Beetle

The small hive beetle is a type of beetle that invades honey bee hives and feeds on the honey, pollen, and larvae of the bees. These beetles can cause significant damage to hives, making it difficult for the bees to store food and reproduce. The beetles can also introduce other diseases into the hive, further exacerbating the problem.

Small hive beetles were first discovered in Australia in 2002, and they have since spread throughout the country, becoming a major issue for beekeepers. To control small hive beetle populations, beekeepers use various methods, such as trapping and removing the beetles from the hives, and using insecticide treatments

European honey bees face many threats from pests. It is important for beekeepers to regularly monitor their hives and take appropriate action to control these pests in order to protect the health and productivity of the hive.